The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of racially offensive comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union brought his professional journey to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person training on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is prepared to share their experience then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I grab the challenge by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that the sport has the potential to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022